Steroids
What is EPO and Blood Doping in Cycling and Endurance Sports?
Sporting activities such as cycling and endurance sports require energy for better performance. The amount of red blood cells and the oxygen determines athletic performance. On this note, many athletes, sportsmen, and women are taking hard drugs to boost oxygen and red blood cell production in their body. But the problem is that most of the substances available for athletes have strenuous health risks, which made them not suitable for anyone. The truth is that most of the hard drugs used by athletes to cheat in the game are banned. In this article, you will learn about EPO and blood doping in cycling and endurance sports. So, take time to read to the end of this article to get comprehensive information about the effect of Blood Doping and EPO in Cycling and Endurance sports.
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Before we can proceed to explain more about the effects of blood doping in endurance sports and cycling, it is necessary to educate you more about the meaning of doping and EPO. Blood doping is not a new topic in the athletic and sports world. It is an unlawful or prohibited method of enhancing athletic performance through the use of synthetic blood-boosting methods. It is a synthetic or artificial way of boosting the ability of the body to allow the channel more oxygen to the muscles. The reason is to enhance the endurance and performance of the athletes in the long-running distance, cycling, and more.
The effects of blood doping
The effects of blood doping are mostly required when there is shortage of hemoglobin in the bloodstream. The hemoglobin that gives the blood its color the people know. It is responsible for oxygenating the blood of the vertebrates. The red proteins come in four different unique with each unite containing an iron atom that is held together by a group known as haem. Also, the hemoglobin is a unique protein responsible for carrying oxygen to the bloodstream of the vertebrates.
Therefore, an increase in hemoglobin through blood doping can increase the amount of oxygen required in the body to fuel athlete muscles for higher performance. With blood doping, there can be an increase in stamina and endurance for cycling and other sports requiring long-distance events. So, it is not only used by cycling but other endurance sports like running, weight lifting, and others. Many sports organizations, such as the Olympic Committee have banned blood doping, which made it illegal for the athletes to go for any blood doping drugs. But, will explain more about the EPO in this article.
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Types of Blood Doping You Need To Know
There are three major types of blood doping you need to know as an athlete. The types are:
- Erythropoietin (EPO) injections.
- Blood transfusions.
- Injections of the artificial oxygen carriers.
The EPO Injections For Blood Doping
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a natural hormone produced in the body of the kidney. The essence of this hormone is to regulate red blood cell production to enhance its capacity aerobically. Clinically, the EPO injection is done to trigger red blood cell production for the treatment of different health issues related to the blood. So, it is used to treat an anemic patient and patients with a related chronic illness like the last stage of the kidney disease.
The use of the EPO by the athletes is to stimulate the body and increase the production of red blood cells in a higher amount than normal. The goal is to boost performance for sporting activities. The increase in the production of red blood cells above normal can result in blood clotting and thickening. Resulting in chronic health issues like stroke and other related health issues. So, before you take the EPO injection into your body to increase the production of red blood cells and boost performance in sports. You should take time to consider the health risk associated with it. There are some long term risks associated with it, which made it necessary for people to be wary of injecting the drug into their bloodstream.
The Truth about Blood Doping Through Blood Transfusions
Blood transfusion is a practice in the medical field. It is used when there is a need to replace blood lost through surgery or injury. More so, transfusions are necessary when there is a need for replacement of blood to patients whose red blood count is low as a result of kidney failure, anemia, or other medical treatments or conditions.
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On the other hand, the illicit transfusions of blood are carried out to boost performance in sportsmen and women. The popular blood transfusions in the athletes are of two types, including autologous and homologous transfusion.
- The Autologous transfusion: The case of the autologous transfusion, the blood of the athlete is collected and stored for the used on the same athlete in the future. Most athletes that have competitions do prepare ahead of time to ensure best performance. So, their blood are drawn by their doctor and used at the time of their event to boost their performance and endurance.
- The Homologous transfusion: In the case homologous transfusion, the athlete gets the blood of another person with the same type to boost red blood count in the body.
The Artificial Oxygen Carriers for Blood Doping
Another popular method of blood doping used by the athlete is the synthetic or artificial carriers. It is a chemical with the capability of carrying oxygen. There are many types of it available in the medical world, but in this article, we will take a look at two of the examples. These are PFCs (per fluorocarbon) and HBOCs (hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers).
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There is a medical application for synthetic or artificial oxygen carriers for emergency therapy. The use of this method is when certain conditions are appropriate. The conditions that determine the use of the oxygen carriers include:
- There is need for blood transfusion in patient without availability of human blood.
- The human blood transfusion is not an option due to blood infection.
- The patient’s condition is critical without enough time to carry out test and find matching blood type for the patient.
The above mentioned are the conditions necessary that warrant the use of the artificial oxygen carrier for emergency therapy. However, athletes are making use of synthetic oxygen carriers for a different reason. They are making use of this method to get the same result from other forms of blood doping for their athletic performance. The method is effective in increasing fueling the muscle with the oxygenated blood.
Significant Facts About Blood Doping
There is a unique test for blood doping. The test helps to detect drug use in the athlete. Since blood doping is an illegal way of triggering the body during a performance in sports. It is necessary to figure the risk factor associated with it if you want to get it done on you. So, figuring out the possible risks associated with blood doping and EPO is necessary before going for it. There are a plethora of tests indicating risks associated with blood doping.
Blood Doping Risks and Potential Dangers You Need To Know
When the red blood cell production is modified, the heart is mostly the organ that suffers most. Increasing the number of red blood cells produced will result in the thickening of the blood, putting the heart into added pressure to pump the thickened blood to other vital organs of the body. Due to the blood doping, there is always an increase in the following:
- Stroke.
- Heart attack.
- Blood clot.
Different types of blood doping come with different types of risks. Blood doping done through transfusion of tainted blood can result in various infectious diseases, including:
- Hepatitis B.
- HIV.
- Hepatitis C.
Adding to these health issues associated with EPO and blood doping, many others are not popular base on recent studies. Abuse of EPO triggers high blood pressure (hypertension) by producing a higher amount of red blood cells to crowd the plasma. The risk of the increasing production of blood is that it results in blood thickening, which induces constriction of muscle and leads to the closing of the blood, stroke, and heart attack.
More so, there may be an interaction between hypotension drugs and EPO. Some of the drugs with negative interactions with the EPO are fludrocortisone (Astonin) and midodrine. That is why the professional sportsmen and men are not to take the drugs except administered by their doctor. The truth is that the use of EPO with drugs used to cancer such as breast cancer, Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide), leukemia, and lymphomas.
EPO
EPO is among the banned anabolic substance in the sporting world. The sporting agencies do carry out a regular test on the athletes to find out if they are using the banned drug or not. There is strict scrutiny of the athletes, and anyone found guilty of abusing the drug will be penalized through suspension or total stripping of the title. More so, some athletes have lost their titles for taking EPO or other hard PED drugs.
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The EPO And Blood Doping Popularity Among Athletes In The World
Sports fans are conversant with the news about sportsmen and women caught using hard substances, such as Performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) and more. The PEDs is a popular anabolic substance used by the athletes to boost performance. But the drug under the same umbrella, which most people do not know is the EPO.
This drug has recorded widespread controversies and abuse among the athletes, such as professional cyclists and more since the earlier 80s. Your knowledge of this drug, its effect, risk, and controversies will make it easy for you to know the best way to avoid being a victim. Many professional cyclists have put their life to danger through the abuse of this drug.
The Controversies Surrounding EPO Use among the Athletes in the World
The use of EPO, banned in the international sports community, such as Olympic and others since the 1990s and in 2000 blood sample used to test for drug use in the athlete during the Summer Olympic. In the year 2006, Floyd Landis was the first to lose his title for drug abuse through doping. Armstrong is another athlete to lose his title for EPO abuse and blood doping. Many other professional cyclists have tested positive for the use of EPO, and some of them include Philippe Gaumont, David Millar, Jesus Manzano, and Willy Voit. With the controversies surrounding the use of EPO and blood doping, one may wonder about the possible effect of this drug on athletic performance. If that is your question, you should not ask further as the answer to your question is not farfetched.
The Benefits Associated With EPO and Blood Doping Drugs
Despite the enormous health risks associated with EPO and other PED for blood doping, there are still some benefits associated with it, which attract more athletes to them. Some of the benefits associate with this drug are explained here.
Improve Your Strength and Live Stronger
Erythropoietin or EPO in the acronym is a natural peptide hormone that is produced by the kidney. The hormone is responsible for triggering the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells. Clinically, the peptide hormone is useful in treating blood deficiencies in the body.
It is recommended during emergency and anemia treatment. However, the misuse of abuse of EPO is banned. Although erythropoietin is banned, its popularity in the cyclist and endurance event has rapidly increased. So, one of the main reasons people go for this drug despite being banned is that helps them to live stronger and perform better in sporting competition.
Performance beyond the Limit of Human Being in Sports with EPO
Performing beyond the human limit is possible with the help of the EPO and other blood doping methods. It is the drug that gives users full strength after being injected into the bloodstream. But it is only for those that can afford the cost of it. Accessing the EPO is easy when you check through the US site. You will find an injectable full strength solution for a hundred and fifty pounds. But to get the dose that will enough to boost your performance beyond the human limit, you must be ready to spend some thousands of pounds. You need not less than three thousand five hundred pounds to get the EPO injection that can last for the training cycle in circling or other endurance sports events. Therefore it is not affordable to the amateur cyclists and endurance training.
Some Common Questions About EPO And Blood Doping Cycling
With the prevalence of EPO and blood doping, it is easy for someone to wonder about its effects on the body. Also, armature cyclists usually wonder if they can improve their strength and performance by injecting drugs into their bloodstream. If you have wondered about that also, you are in the right place as you will get answers to your questions here. Some of the questions about this product and the answers include:
Can I Get Stronger And Perform Better With The Use Of EPO?
That is one of the most popular questions you can find among the cyclists and other athletes. The answer is simple, injecting this drug into the bloodstream triggers the production of red blood cells unnaturally. With the increased red blood cell comes the possibility of boosting the muscle strength, endurance, and agility for performance in sports.
How EPO Works to Increase Endurance?
The main effect of EPO is to increase strength and endurance. That is why it is used by runners, cyclists, and other endurance trainers. Long-distance runners go for this injectable drug to make them perform beyond normal human strength. To ensure the effectiveness of the EPO, it is injected under the skin to induce the production of red blood cells and the delivery of more oxygen to the muscle.
Is erythropoietin drug still useful for cycling?
While some people have ended up damaging their kidney and increasing their risk of stroke, heart disease, and others with the EPO abuse, a new study has it that the drug may not improve performance in cycling. The discovery about this drug has resulted in controversies and discouraged more runners, cyclists, and more from taking this as it does not produce the same result needed to perform better as cyclists of a long-distance runner.
Is EPO good enough for sports and endurance?
Before you starting taking EPO for no medical purpose, it is necessary to research more about the drug. Make sure that you find out the effects of this drug on the body and how it works to boost performance and endurance. There is only a 6% increase in performance on the distance runners after taking the hormone for four weeks. With this knowledge, it is obvious that the drug does not produce the same result as purported by the public, which resulted in its abuse among the athletes.
Is EPO Categorized Among the Steroid?
Although anabolic steroids are the popularly known PEDs used by the athletes, the EPO is also in the same category. The drug is clinically approved and recognized to help in handling different health issues. Also, the use of this drug for medical purposes is mainly during an emergency when all hopes are lost. Also, when blood transfusion is not an option due to certain reasons. The EPO is always the solution to the immediate problem. The health risks associated with the use of this substance comes following its abuse.
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Some of the Short Time Side Effects of EPO You Need To Know
If you are planning to boost your performance in long-distance running with EPO. It confirms the short term and long term side effects associated with it. There exist some temporary side effects associated with the abuse of EPO, which you need to know before going for it. Some of these side effects you need to know include:
- Nausea.
- Fever.
- Swelling.
- High blood pressure.
- Dizziness.
When you develop any of the side effects mentioned here, you should discontinue the use of the drug as quickly as possible. Make sure that you consult your doctor when you discover that you discover a strange feeling in your body following the use of the drug.
How to Administer EPO for Best Result?
Depending on the effects you want to from the EPO, there are many ways to administer the drug. Medically, you can use the drug in three different ways, and that includes:
- Epoetin Alfa.
- Darbepoietin Alfa.
- Injection intravenous to the vein.
So, if you do not like the pain of the injection needle. Also, you can take the medication in another way to get the same result.
Conclusion
Notwithstanding the temptation to boost your endurance, performance, or others through the use of EPO, you must consider the health risk associated with it. Abuse of drugs generally is dangerous to health. So, even if you are armature athletes and discovered with low performance, you should not start your career with supplements. There are many other healthy solutions for underperforming athletes, which they can utilize to improve their overall strength, endurance, and performance.
Overall
There are ways to resolve your underperforming challenge as an athlete. One way to do that is by talking to your coach to figure out the safer solution to your problem. Alternate training options and nutrition could be the solution you need to regain y our level as a trainer. Your coach will find out the best solution to your career as a cyclist and not drugs. Some other treatment options can yield the same result without causing more damages to your health. With such a solution, you will stay away from drug abuse to damage your life forever. So, go on and improve your endurance as a cyclist or runner through a safer method.
Bodybuilding
Is Training/Lifting Barefoot A Good Idea? Find Out
For decades, the gym floor has echoed with the thud of cushioned sneakers, lifting shoes, and high‑tech trainers promising better stability, more power, and improved performance. Yet in recent years, a surprising shift has taken hold among serious lifters: many are kicking off their footwear entirely. What began as a fringe practice—often dismissed as quirky or unsafe—has evolved into a growing movement embraced by bodybuilders, powerlifters, and functional fitness athletes who swear that training barefoot unlocks a deeper, more natural kind of strength.
At first glance, the idea seems almost counterintuitive. After all, modern athletic shoes are engineered with layers of support, padding, and structure. But that’s exactly the point. As lifters push for better technique, stronger lifts, and more efficient movement patterns, many are realizing that all that cushioning may be doing more harm than good. By removing the barrier between foot and floor, barefoot training forces the body to engage stabilizing muscles that shoes often mute. The result? A stronger foundation, improved balance, and a more connected kinetic chain from the ground up.
Beyond performance, the barefoot trend taps into a broader shift toward natural movement and functional strength. Lifters are rediscovering the importance of foot mechanics—how the toes grip, how the arches support, and how the ankles align. These subtle details influence everything from squat depth to deadlift power. And as more athletes experiment with barefoot sessions, they’re finding that the benefits extend far beyond the feet themselves.
Of course, going shoeless in the gym isn’t just about following a trend. It’s about rethinking how we build strength, questioning long‑held assumptions, and exploring what happens when we strip training back to its most primal form. Serious lifters aren’t throwing away their shoes for style—they’re doing it for results.
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Advantages of Training Barefoot for Pro Bodybuilders
For professional bodybuilders, every detail matters—how the body moves, how muscles fire, and how efficiently force transfers through the kinetic chain. Training barefoot has emerged as a surprisingly effective way to refine these details and unlock performance benefits that shoes often mask.
One of the biggest advantages is enhanced stability. Without the interference of thick soles or elevated heels, the feet can spread naturally, creating a wider, more grounded base. This stability is crucial during heavy compound lifts like squats, deadlifts, and lunges, where even minor wobbling can compromise form or reduce power output. Barefoot training allows bodybuilders to feel the floor directly, improving balance and control under load.
Another major benefit is greater activation of stabilizing muscles, especially in the feet, ankles, and lower legs. Modern footwear often restricts natural movement, causing these smaller muscles to weaken over time. Training barefoot forces them to engage, strengthening the foundation that supports every lift. For bodybuilders, this translates to better joint integrity, improved symmetry, and reduced risk of chronic overuse injuries.
Barefoot lifting also enhances proprioception—the body’s ability to sense position and movement. With more sensory feedback from the ground, athletes can fine‑tune their technique, adjust their stance, and maintain optimal alignment throughout each rep. This heightened awareness can improve squat depth, deadlift mechanics, and overall lifting efficiency.
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Additionally, training without shoes encourages more natural biomechanics. The feet move freely, the arches function as intended, and the ankles maintain a neutral position. This can help correct imbalances caused by years of training in restrictive footwear, ultimately supporting better long‑term performance.
For pro bodybuilders chasing marginal gains, barefoot training offers a simple yet powerful way to build strength from the ground up—literally. It’s not just a trend; it’s a strategic tool for maximizing muscle engagement, improving technique, and enhancing overall athletic longevity.
Possible Downsides of Lifting Barefoot
While barefoot training has gained popularity among casual lifters for its “natural” feel and improved ground contact, the situation is very different for professional bodybuilders. At elite levels, athletes handle extreme loads that demand maximum stability, protection, and performance efficiency. Without proper footwear, the risks multiply — from injuries and reduced leverage to hygiene concerns and long-term joint stress. The following points highlight why barefoot lifting can be problematic for pro bodybuilders.
1. Reduced Foot Protection
Bare feet leave you vulnerable to dropped weights, sharp objects, or heavy equipment. For pro bodybuilders handling massive loads, this risk is amplified.
2. Higher Risk of Injury
Without shoes, the bones, tendons, and ligaments in your feet absorb more stress. Heavy squats or deadlifts can easily cause sprains or fractures.
3. Lack of Arch Support
Shoes provide structural support that helps prevent issues like flat feet or plantar fasciitis. Barefoot lifting removes that safeguard.
4. Instability Under Heavy Loads
Gym floors can be slippery or uneven. Shoes add grip and stability, while barefoot training increases the chance of wobbling or losing balance.
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5. Reduced Performance in Certain Lifts
Olympic lifts and squats often benefit from raised heels or firm soles. Barefoot training limits leverage and can reduce maximum output.
6. Increased Stress on Ankles and Knees
Without cushioning, impact forces travel directly into the joints. Over time, this can contribute to chronic pain or injury.
7. Hygiene Concerns
Gyms are breeding grounds for bacteria and fungi. Training barefoot raises the risk of infections like athlete’s foot.
8. Limited Leg Drive in Deadlifts
While barefoot deadlifting improves ground contact, it reduces leverage compared to specialized lifting shoes designed for maximum force transfer.
9. Not Competition-Ready
Most bodybuilding and powerlifting competitions require footwear. Barefoot training doesn’t translate well to actual performance standards.
10. Potential Long-Term Damage
Repeated barefoot lifting under heavy loads can cause chronic foot problems, misalignment, and reduced career longevity.
Overall
As we mentioned earlier, training barefoot has become a trend among some athletes, but for professional bodybuilders the practice carries both potential benefits and serious drawbacks. On the positive side, lifting without shoes can improve proprioception — the body’s awareness of movement and position — which may enhance balance and stability during certain exercises. Barefoot training also strengthens the small muscles of the feet and ankles, potentially reducing reliance on supportive footwear. For lifts like deadlifts, direct contact with the floor can improve force transfer and reduce unnecessary elevation caused by cushioned soles.
However, the disadvantages are far more significant at elite levels. Bare feet lack protection against dropped weights or sharp equipment, exposing bodybuilders to severe injury risks. Without arch support or cushioning, stress is shifted to the ankles, knees, and hips, increasing the likelihood of chronic pain or joint damage. Performance in squats and Olympic lifts often suffers, since specialized shoes provide leverage and stability that barefoot training cannot replicate. Hygiene is another concern, as gym floors harbor bacteria and fungi. Finally, barefoot lifting does not align with competition standards, where footwear is mandatory.
In short, while barefoot training offers some functional benefits, professional bodybuilders face greater risks that outweigh its advantages.
Anabolic Steroids
Using Insulin Needles to Inject AAS: Pros and Cons
Bodybuilding has long been associated with the pursuit of physical excellence, where athletes and enthusiasts dedicate themselves to sculpting muscular physiques. You need rigorous training, disciplined nutrition, and, in some cases, the use of performance-enhancing substances. Among these substances, anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) occupy a controversial space. While medically prescribed for specific conditions, AAS are often used to accelerate muscle growth, improve recovery, and enhance overall performance. Their use, however, is fraught with ethical, legal, and health-related concerns.
One practical issue that arises in this context is the method of administration. AAS are typically injected intramuscularly, requiring needles that can deliver oil-based solutions deep into muscle tissue. Yet, some individuals turn to insulin needles—originally designed for subcutaneous delivery of insulin—as an alternative. This choice is often motivated by the perception that insulin needles are less intimidating, less painful, and more discreet. For bodybuilders who may be inexperienced with injections, the appeal of a smaller, finer needle can be strong.
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However, the suitability of insulin needles for AAS administration is highly debated. While they may offer certain conveniences, their limitations in terms of depth, absorption, and compatibility with thicker solutions raise significant concerns. Misuse can lead to complications ranging from ineffective dosing to infections and tissue damage.
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In bodybuilding culture, where experimentation and peer influence often shape practices, understanding the pros and cons of using insulin needles for AAS injections is essential. By examining both benefits and the potential risks, we can better appreciate the complexities of AAS injection and emphasize the importance of informed, responsible decision-making.
Why Insulin Needles
Insulin needles are generally preferred for many types of injections because they are shorter, thinner, less painful, and reduce the risk of complications compared to larger needles
Patient comfort: Insulin needles are designed to minimize pain. Their fine gauge and short length make injections less intimidating and more tolerable, especially for people who need frequent injections.
Reduced risk of complications: Shorter needles lower the chance of hitting muscle or nerves when delivering medication subcutaneously. This reduces risks like bruising, bleeding, or accidental intramuscular injection
Effective delivery: For insulin and other subcutaneous medications, shorter needles are just as effective as longer ones. They ensure the drug reaches the correct tissue layer without unnecessary depth.
Ease of use: Their design makes them simple to handle, even for patients self-administering injections daily. This accessibility encourages adherence to treatment
Compatibility with subcutaneous injections: Many medications besides insulin—such as certain vaccines, hormones, and biologics—are delivered under the skin. Insulin needles are well-suited for these because they match the required depth and absorption rate.
Insulin Needles vs. Intramuscular Needles in Bodybuilding
When it comes to injecting anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), bodybuilders often weigh the choice between insulin needles and traditional intramuscular needles. Insulin needles are very fine and short, usually ranging from 29 to 31 gauge and only a few millimeters in length. This makes them far less intimidating and significantly less painful to use. For athletes who inject frequently, the reduced discomfort and minimal scarring are appealing, especially since visible bruising or scar tissue can detract from the aesthetic goals of bodybuilding. Their wide availability in pharmacies and association with legitimate medical use also adds to their convenience and discretion.
However, insulin needles are designed for subcutaneous injections, meaning they deposit medication just under the skin. AAS, on the other hand, are typically oil-based compounds that require intramuscular delivery for proper absorption. The fine bore of insulin needles makes drawing and injecting these thicker solutions difficult, and their short length often fails to reach muscle tissue. This mismatch can lead to poor absorption, underdosing, or even localized complications such as abscesses and tissue irritation.
Intramuscular needles, by contrast, are longer and thicker—usually 21 to 25 gauge and 25 to 40 millimeters in length. While they cause more pain and can be intimidating for beginners, they are specifically designed to deliver oil-based substances deep into muscle tissue. This ensures that AAS are absorbed effectively and reduces the risk of complications when used correctly. Over time, repeated intramuscular injections may cause bruising or scar tissue, but medically they remain the appropriate tool for this type of administration.
In short, you may prefer insulin needles for their comfort, accessibility, and cosmetic advantages, but intramuscular needles remain the medically suitable option for AAS injections. The perceived safety of insulin needles does not outweigh the risks of improper delivery, making the choice more about convenience than effectiveness.
Downsides of Using Insulin Needles for AAS in Bodybuilding
For bodybuilders, the downsides of insulin needles in AAS use are significant: poor absorption, infection risk, tissue damage, and wasted product. While they may reduce pain and appear more convenient, they compromise both safety and effectiveness. In bodybuilding culture, where results are paramount, these drawbacks make insulin needles a risky and counterproductive choice.
Improper absorption
Insulin needles are designed for subcutaneous injections, but AAS typically require intramuscular delivery. Injecting into fat or shallow tissue can lead to poor absorption, reduced effectiveness, and unpredictable results.
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Viscosity mismatch
AAS solutions are often oil-based and much thicker than insulin. Fine-gauge insulin needles struggle to draw and push these solutions, leading to blocked syringes, incomplete injections, or excessive force that damages tissue.
Risk of infection and abscesses
Because oil may pool in subcutaneous tissue instead of dispersing into muscle, it can irritate the area and create a breeding ground for bacteria. This raises the risk of painful abscesses that may require medical intervention.
Underdosing and wasted product
If the steroid doesn’t reach the muscle, the bodybuilder may not achieve the intended anabolic effect. This not only wastes expensive compounds but also tempts users to increase frequency or dosage, compounding health risks.
Tissue damage
Repeated shallow injections can cause lumps, irritation, or necrosis in fatty tissue. For bodybuilders focused on aesthetics, visible damage under the skin undermines their goals.
False sense of safety
Many athletes assume insulin needles are “safer” because they are smaller and widely used in diabetes care. In reality, this perception can mask the fact that they are medically inappropriate for AAS, leading to dangerous practices.
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Overall
Bodybuilders and athletes often face difficult choices when it comes to performance enhancement, and the method of administering anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) is one of them. Insulin needles, with their fine gauge and short length, are attractive because they reduce pain, minimize scarring, and are easy to obtain. For individuals who inject frequently, these qualities can seem like practical advantages.
However, the reality is that insulin needles are not designed for oil-based compounds that require intramuscular delivery. Their short length and narrow bore make them unsuitable for reaching muscle tissue, leading to poor absorption, underdosing, and potential tissue irritation. The risk of infection or abscess formation is also heightened when AAS are deposited into fatty tissue rather than muscle. What may appear to be a safer, more comfortable option can ultimately compromise both health and performance outcomes.
Athletes who prioritize long-term progress must recognize that convenience should never outweigh safety. While insulin needles may seem appealing, they are not always appropriate for AAS administration. The discipline that defines bodybuilding and athletic success should extend to responsible decision-making, ensuring that choices made in pursuit of strength and aesthetics do not undermine overall well-being.
Anabolic Steroids
Is NAD+ The Best Anti-aging Molecule for Men Over 40?
NAD+(Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) has become the quiet obsession of athletes and bodybuilders who care as much about longevity as they do about performance. For men over 40, the game changes: recovery slows, energy dips, and the margin for error—sleep, nutrition, stress—gets razor-thin. That’s where NAD+ steps in. As a central coenzyme in cellular metabolism, NAD+ powers the mitochondria that generate ATP, supports DNA repair, and helps regulate inflammation and oxidative stress—the exact pressures that compound with age and intense training. The catch? NAD+ levels decline as we get older, and that drop doesn’t just feel like “getting tired”; it shows up as reduced work capacity, stubborn recovery, and a harder fight to preserve lean mass.
For the seasoned lifter, anti-aging isn’t about turning back the clock—it’s about staying dangerous: maintaining strength, clarity, and resilience year after year. By supporting NAD+—through smart training, lifestyle, and targeted precursors like NR or NMN—you’re not chasing a miracle; you’re reinforcing the cellular systems that keep you strong. Think steadier energy across sets, cleaner recovery between sessions, and a more robust response to stressors that typically erode performance after 40.
This article explores how NAD+ intersects with muscle metabolism, hormonal signaling, and recovery pathways, and what practical steps can help you sustain the physique and output you’ve built. If you’re a man over 40 who refuses to age passively, NAD+ isn’t hype—it’s a lever worth understanding and pulling with intention.
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Why NAD+ Levels Drop in Men Over 40
NAD+ levels decline with age because the body’s ability to produce and preserve this vital coenzyme weakens, while demand for it increases.
Reduced biosynthesis: The enzymes and pathways that create NAD+ from precursors like niacin and tryptophan become less efficient over time.
Increased consumption: NAD+ is used by repair enzymes such as PARPs (for DNA repair) and sirtuins (for regulating metabolism and aging). As DNA damage and oxidative stress accumulate with age, these enzymes consume more NAD+, depleting reserves.
Greater degradation: Another enzyme, CD38, becomes more active with age. CD38 breaks down NAD+, and its rising activity is strongly linked to age-related decline in NAD+.
Mitochondrial dysfunction: Aging cells often suffer from less efficient mitochondria. Since NAD+ is central to mitochondrial energy production, dysfunction accelerates its depletion.
Lifestyle and stress factors: Poor sleep, chronic stress, alcohol, and high-intensity training without proper recovery can further drain NAD+ levels, especially in men over 40
Why This Matters for Men Over 40
- Lower NAD+ means slower recovery, reduced energy output, and greater susceptibility to inflammation.
- Declining NAD+ is linked to fatigue, cognitive decline, and accelerated aging.
For athletes and bodybuilders, this translates into harder muscle maintenance, longer recovery windows, and plateaus in performance.
Remedies to Boost NDA+ Levels in Men Over 40
Men and athletes over 40 can boost NAD+ levels through a mix of lifestyle strategies (exercise, fasting, sleep), dietary choices (niacin-rich foods), and supplementation (NR, NMN, NAD+ IV therapy).
Lifestyle Approaches
Regular exercise: Endurance and resistance training stimulate mitochondrial function and naturally increase NAD+.
Intermittent fasting: Periods of caloric restriction activate sirtuins, which depend on NAD+.
Quality sleep: Restorative sleep reduces oxidative stress and preserves NAD+ reserves.
Stress management: Chronic stress elevates NAD+ consumption; mindfulness and recovery practices help conserve it.
Avoid excess alcohol: Alcohol metabolism depletes NAD+, so moderation is key.
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Dietary Strategies
Niacin-rich foods: Chicken, tuna, salmon, turkey, and mushrooms provide vitamin B3, a precursor to NAD+.
Tryptophan sources: Eggs, dairy, and nuts support NAD+ synthesis via the kynurenine pathway.
Polyphenols: Resveratrol (found in grapes and red wine) activates sirtuins, indirectly supporting NAD+.
Ketogenic diet: Promotes fat metabolism and enhances NAD+/NADH ratio.
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Supplementation
Nicotinamide Riboside (NR): A direct precursor shown to raise NAD+ levels in humans.
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN): Another precursor with strong evidence for boosting NAD+ and supporting anti-aging pathways.
NAD+ IV therapy: Direct infusion used by some athletes for rapid replenishment.
Co-factors like magnesium and B vitamins: Support enzymatic reactions that sustain NAD+ metabolism.
Advanced/Medical Options
CD38 inhibitors: Experimental compounds that reduce NAD+ breakdown.
PARP inhibitors: Limit excessive NAD+ consumption during DNA repair (still under research).
Hormonal optimization: Testosterone and growth hormone balance indirectly support NAD+ pathways in men over 40.
The Catch:
Energy & endurance: Higher NAD+ means more efficient ATP production.
Recovery & repair: Supports DNA repair and reduces inflammation after training.
Anti-aging resilience: Helps maintain muscle mass, cognitive clarity, and metabolic health.
NAD+ Delivery Methods
1. Intravenous (IV) NAD+ Therapy
- Direct infusion of NAD+ into the bloodstream.
- Used in clinics for rapid replenishment of cellular NAD+.
- Often promoted for anti-aging, recovery, and cognitive clarity.
- Sessions can last several hours, as NAD+ must be infused slowly to avoid side effects (like nausea or flushing).
Dosing: Typically ranges from 250 mg to 1000 mg per session, but exact protocols vary by clinic and medical supervision.
2. Intramuscular or Subcutaneous Injections
- Less common than IV, but some practitioners use NAD+ injections for quicker delivery than oral supplements.
- Provides a shorter, more concentrated boost compared to IV drip.
- Still requires medical oversight, as NAD+ injections can be uncomfortable and must be dosed carefully.
Oral Supplementation
1. NAD+ Precursors (NMN & NR)
- Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) and Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) are widely available as capsules or powders.
- These compounds are converted into NAD+ inside cells.
- Easier, safer, and more practical for long-term use compared to IV therapy.
Dosing: Common ranges are 250–500 mg daily, though some studies explore higher doses.
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2. NAD+ Capsules
- Direct oral NAD+ supplements exist, but absorption is less efficient than precursors.
- Most experts recommend NMN or NR instead, as they are better studied and more bioavailable.
Overall
In the pursuit of strength, endurance, and longevity, NAD+ emerges as more than just a biochemical cofactor—it is a cornerstone of vitality for athletes and men over 40. As natural levels decline with age, the consequences ripple through energy, recovery, and resilience. By embracing lifestyle strategies, nutrient-rich diets, and modern supplementation, bodybuilders can sustain performance while slowing the clock on cellular aging. Whether through daily NMN or NR, or targeted therapies under medical guidance, supporting NAD+ is an investment in both present power and future health—a path to staying strong, sharp, and ageless in the decades ahead.
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