Steroids

Muscle Profiling – Is Muscularity Evidence of a Crime?

Published

12 years ago

October 11, 2013

Zizou

Criminality and muscularity have long been placed in one jar. But how much do you know about muscle profiling and its application in bodybuilding? Most people believe the two are closely related. It is commonly assumed that muscularity plays a considerable role in society’s evils. The whole concept of muscularity also referred to as mesomorphy, has been highly demonized. There have been allegations over time that tend to associate undesirable behavior with muscularity. This form of muscle profiling has become quite popular in today’s society. A good example is Toney Freeman, who was arrested for his muscularity back in Sweden. He is one of the top pro bodybuilders of today.

AAS use & muscularity:

The same applies to the use of AAS (Anabolic Androgen Steroids). As explained by Harrison, a renowned psychiatrist, there is a very intense desire to work out and use AAS muscle profiling drugs portrayed by muscular individuals. Mr. Pope describes this desire as “inappropriate.” He also explains that there is no way an individual with a Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI) of over 25 can achieve such without the use of steroids, specifically FFMI.

The bottom line is that the massive use of AAS drugs has majorly led to the advent of muscularity in society. The two, muscularity and the use of AAS, are highly condemned in the community due to the whole issue of “muscle profiling.” However, a lot of scrutiny is demanded on such an assertion.

Why is the FFMI used in the comparisons for muscle profiling?

Research has shown that FFM as part of the body mass can be extremely incorrect. FFM ratios are considered to be linear to the body’s height. This is why short individuals with muscular bodies have a lower FFM percentage than taller individuals with less muscular bodies.

This is regardless of whether or not they are users of AAS. Tall bodybuilders have at least a 2-point gap between them regarding their FFMI muscle profiling compared to their shorter counterparts. The bottom line is that regardless of the relationship between the FFM and height, anyone with an FFMI of over 35 must have something to do with using AAS.

Consider two individuals, one with an FFMI of 26 and 72 inches tall and another with an FFMI of 29 and 69 inches tall. According to Pope and his fellow elites, if the two claim not to use AAS, they are ‘almost certainly lying.

However, another individual 5 inches tall with an FFMI of 24.5 is, on the other hand, considered to be a genuine non-user of AAS. The only thing that differentiates the two parties is a couple of inches, yet, the 72’ and 69’ are all potential victims of muscle profiling in today’s society.

Muscle Profiling for Medical Purposes

Muscle profiling is a technique that has been used in the UK for over 40 years. It is a process of assessing the strength and power of muscles, joints, and tendons to help determine what type of work someone can do.

The technique was initially developed by sports scientists at Loughborough University, who were looking for a way to assess the extent of muscle damage following sporting injuries. In the UK, the technique has been used in rehabilitation settings and adopted by several national employers, such as GKN Aerospace and Rolls-Royce. It has also been used in medical settings to assess individuals with spinal damage due to injury or disease.

The process involves having the patient perform three phases of movements: An assessment is then made based on each movement's performance against a standardized scoring system. The scoring system evaluates each muscle according to its performance against specific criteria, such as how well it adheres to a task.

Muscle Profiling in the UK

Muscle profiling is a new technique developed in the UK for crime detection. It is based on the idea that different people have different muscle groups, which can be detected by analyzing how they walk. Dr. Geoff Beattie, an expert in biomechanics and movement analysis, developed the technique. It has been used to help police identify suspects of crimes like robberies and attempted murder.

For crime detection, Dr. Geoff Beattie, an expert in biomechanics and movement analysis, first developed the technique. He noticed that some people stood out from a crowd of others based on the way they walked.

He realized that the differences could be due to their muscle groups, which he eventually detailed in his book "The Walking Man." The book outlined why certain people walk with a different gait than others and how it can be analyzed to identify different muscle groups.

Muscle Profiling In Various U.S States

The Boston Police Department instituted a policy to conduct "muscle profiling" in 2004 to identify people with firearms. The policy was met with criticism and was later rescinded. The Louisville Police Department's Behavioral Analysis Unit used "muscle profiling" in 2013 to identify people carrying guns.

A muscle profiling test can be used to determine a person's level of physical activity, including their body composition. Law enforcement often uses it to determine a person's physical strength. The term "muscle profiling" was first used in the early 1990s by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) to describe identifying an individual’s physical strength and fitness level.

Muscle Profiling Worldwide

Muscle profiling is a way to identify a person's fitness level and activity habits. Law enforcement often uses it to determine a person's physical strength. The term "muscle profiling" was first used in the early 1990s by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) to describe identifying an individual’s physical strength and fitness level.

It is based on the premise that people who engage in regular physical activity have more developed muscles than those who don't, which can be assessed through muscle tone, size, and definition. The use of muscle profiling has been criticized as discriminatory against people with disabilities or chronic illnesses.

Why Authorities Must Stop Muscle Profiling

In recent years, there has been an increase in "muscle profiling" use at airports and everywhere else. This is where people are selected for additional screening because they have a specific type of physical profile. This approach has many problems, including: - It is not a scientific method and can be biased.

Importantly, it is not a reliable way to catch criminals because it doesn't detect any specific terrorist threat. - It doesn't provide any information about the person's intentions or potential threat to national security. Muscle profiling should be stopped and replaced with more reliable methods for airport security, such as behavioral detection and intelligence analysis.

Airports have the means to carry it out. BBC - "Muscle profiling at airports is not reliable for catching terrorists." Moreover, many bodybuilders are harmless and only want to advance their careers by building more muscle,

Conclusion:

Is it to use an FFMI of 25 as the cut score for all AAS users in society? Practically, it is not. How likely are such individuals going to the ‘users’ group? It is a perfect means of measuring one’s physique but certainly not a validating means of establishing whether or not they are capable of perpetrating societal evils.

There is not enough support as to why y an individual with an FFMI of over 25 is assumed to be a straight user of A, making him a ‘muscle profiling’ suspect. The muscular individuals in society have very little representation. The chances of this study evoking some level of sympathy among the masses are pretty low.

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Steroids

Decoding IGF-1 LR3: A Guide to its Benefits

Published

3 days ago

April 25, 2025

Sane

IGF-1 LR3 (Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Long Arg3) is a synthetic variant of IGF-1, a hormone produced by the liver in response to growth hormone (GH). Unlike GH, which works indirectly, IGF-1 directly facilitates the growth and repair of muscle cells.

Related Article: Ostarine for Beginners; The Ultimate Guide

This modified version of IGF-1 is engineered to avoid binding with IGF-binding proteins, extending its half-life to 20–30 hours. As a result, it remains active in the body significantly longer than natural IGF-1.

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Many performance athletes incorporate IGF-1 LR3 post-workout to enhance muscle growth, speed up recovery, and support fat loss. When injected into specific muscle groups, it often produces localized effects. Additionally, it helps with nutrient distribution and, in some cases, improves insulin sensitivity.

On the other hand, human growth hormone (HGH) operates more broadly and indirectly, stimulating the liver to produce IGF-1 and offering more systemic benefits such as improved skin health, joint support, and fat reduction, albeit at a slower pace.

Typical IGF-1 LR3 doses range from 20–50 mcg daily, administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly, often following a workout.

Key Features of IGF-1 LR3

Enhanced Bioavailability: It avoids binding with IGF-binding proteins, increasing its potency.

Muscle Growth & Repair: Directly stimulates muscle cell proliferation and differentiation.

Improved Nutrient Distribution: Helps shuttle nutrients into muscle cells, supporting recovery.

Potential Fat Loss Benefits: Some users report improved insulin sensitivity and fat metabolism.

Mechanism of Action

IGF-1 LR3 interacts with IGF-1 receptors on muscle cells, activating pathways like PI3K-AKT and MAPK, which are crucial for cell growth and regeneration. This makes it a powerful tool for bodybuilders and athletes looking to optimize recovery and muscle development.

What Are the Top 10 Alternatives to IGF-1 LR3?

Here are some of the top alternatives to IGF-1 LR3, each with unique benefits for muscle growth, recovery, and performance:

BPC-157 – Known for its regenerative properties, it enhances healing and tissue repair.

CJC-1295 – A growth hormone-releasing peptide that boosts GH levels for muscle development.

Ipamorelin – Stimulates GH release with minimal side effects, making it a safer option.

MK-677 (Ibutamoren) – A potent GH secretagogue that promotes muscle growth and fat loss.

Sermorelin – Encourages natural GH production, supporting recovery and lean muscle gains.

Tesamorelin – Primarily used for fat loss, but also aids in muscle preservation.

Follistatin-344 – Inhibits myostatin, allowing for increased muscle hypertrophy.

PEG-MGF (Pegylated Mechano Growth Factor) – Enhances muscle repair and growth post-exercise.

GHRP-6 – Stimulates appetite and GH release, supporting muscle mass gains.

GHRP-2 – Similar to GHRP-6 but with fewer hunger-related side effects.

Each of these peptides has distinct mechanisms and benefits.

Must Read: Are Nootropics a Better Option to AAS?

Potential Risks Associated With IGF-1 LR3

IGF-1 LR3 comes with several potential risks, especially for bodybuilders using it to enhance muscle growth. Here are some key concerns:

Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar) – IGF-1 LR3 increases glucose uptake in muscle cells, which can lead to dangerously low blood sugar levels if not managed properly.

Organ Growth – Since IGF-1 affects all tissues, excessive use may lead to unwanted growth in organs, increasing health risks.

Cancer Risk – IGF-1 plays a role in cell proliferation, and elevated levels have been linked to an increased risk of certain cancers.

Water Retention & Edema – Some users experience bloating and fluid retention, which can affect performance and aesthetics.

Joint Pain & Stiffness – Excessive IGF-1 levels may contribute to joint discomfort due to increased tissue growth.

Cardiovascular Issues – There is some concern that IGF-1 LR3 could contribute to heart enlargement or other cardiovascular complications.

Desensitization – Long-term use may reduce the body's natural IGF-1 production, leading to dependency

Overall

IGF-1 LR3's ability to bypass IGF-binding proteins makes it more potent but also increases the likelihood of desensitization with prolonged use. For those considering it, careful dosing and monitoring are crucial to mitigate side effects.

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Steroids

AOD-9604: The Fat-Burning Peptide Explained

Published

3 weeks ago

April 9, 2025

Sane

AOD-9604, along with the similar HGH Frag 176-191, is a peptide derived from Growth Hormone that includes only the amino acids in HGH responsible for stimulating fat breakdown, known as lipolysis.

This means that these peptides offer the fat-burning benefits of HGH without its other effects—whether beneficial or adverse—and come at a lower cost.

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Lipolysis refers to the process where fat cells are broken down to be utilized as energy. AOD-9604 promotes accelerated fat loss by increasing the body's use of fat as fuel.

For optimal results, the peptides should be used in a fasted state. AOD-9604 and Frag 176-191 are most effective when administered at a dose of 125-250mcg before bedtime (at least 3-4 hours after eating) and in the morning at the same dose, followed by a fasting period of 3-4 hours, ideally combined with fasted cardio.

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Similar Peptides with Fat-Burning Effect

Here’s a list of 10 peptides similar to AOD-9604, each with a brief description:

Ipamorelin: A growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP) that stimulates the natural release of growth hormone, promoting fat loss, muscle growth, and improved recovery without affecting other hormones like cortisol or prolactin.

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CJC-1295: A peptide that increases growth hormone and IGF-1 levels, aiding in fat loss, muscle gain, and improved sleep quality. It has a long half-life, making it convenient for users.

HGH Frag 176-191: A fragment of human growth hormone specifically designed for fat-burning. It targets adipose tissue without the broader effects of full-length HGH.

Tesamorelin: Known for reducing visceral fat, this peptide stimulates the release of growth hormone and is often used for weight management and metabolic health.

BPC-157: While primarily known for healing and recovery, BPC-157 can support fat loss indirectly by improving gut health and reducing inflammation.

Melanotan II: Originally developed for skin tanning, it also has appetite-suppressing properties, making it useful for weight management.

Thymosin Beta-4 (TB-500): Focused on healing and recovery, it can enhance physical performance and indirectly support fat loss through improved activity levels.

GHRP-6: A growth hormone-releasing peptide that boosts appetite and metabolism, aiding in muscle growth and fat loss.

Semaglutide: A GLP-1 receptor agonist that regulates appetite and blood sugar levels, making it effective for weight loss and metabolic health.

MK-677 (Ibutamoren): A growth hormone secretagogue that increases growth hormone and IGF-1 levels, promoting fat loss, muscle gain, and improved recovery.

List of Peptides With a Counteractive Effect Bodybuilders Must Avoid

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Some peptides can inadvertently lead to fat gain due to their effects on metabolism and appetite regulation. Here are a few that bodybuilders might want to avoid or use cautiously:

GHRP-6 – While it stimulates growth hormone release, it also significantly increases appetite, which can lead to excess calorie consumption and fat gain.
IGF-1 LR3 – This peptide enhances muscle growth but can also promote fat storage if not carefully managed with diet and training.
MK-677 (Ibutamoren) – Though technically a growth hormone secretagogue rather than a peptide, it boosts GH levels but often leads to increased hunger and potential fat accumulation.
CJC-1295 with DAC – While effective for muscle growth, its prolonged GH release can sometimes lead to unwanted fat retention if not paired with a strict diet

Overall

AOD-9604, derived from Growth Hormone, stimulates fat-burning by targeting lipolysis—the breakdown of fat for energy. It delivers these benefits without the additional effects of Growth Hormone, making it more cost-effective. For maximum effectiveness, it should be administered in a fasted state, ideally before bed and again in the morning at 125-250mcg doses. Pairing its use with fasting and fasted cardio can further enhance fat loss. Its sole focus is on improving the body’s ability to burn fat efficiently.

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Bodybuilding

Understanding Trenbolone-Induced Cough (“Tren Cough”)

Published

3 weeks ago

April 7, 2025

Sane

Trenbolone, a potent anabolic steroid, can sometimes cause “tren cough”—a sudden and intense coughing episode shortly after injection. Although not exclusive to Trenbolone, it is more commonly associated with this substance due to its highly irritant nature.

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Mechanisms Behind Tren Cough

Solvent and Carrier Irritation

Trenbolone formulations often include volatile solvents like benzyl alcohol or benzyl benzoate, which may irritate lung tissues when absorbed quickly into systemic circulation.

Prostaglandin Release

Trenbolone promotes increased production of prostaglandins, particularly PGF2α. This compound triggers contraction in the smooth muscles of the lungs, leading to bronchoconstriction and coughing.

Micro-Oil Embolism

Tiny oil droplets from an injection can reach capillaries and travel to the lungs, causing mild embolic reactions that lead to temporary oxygen deprivation and coughing.

Histamine and Mast Cell Activation

For some individuals, Trenbolone triggers histamine release and mast cell activation, mimicking an allergic response and causing bronchospasms and cough reflexes.

Related Article: Best Syringes for Steroid Injection on Amazon

Using Salbutamol (Albuterol) to Manage Tren Cough

Salbutamol, a widely-used β2-adrenergic receptor agonist, can alleviate tren cough symptoms by:
Relaxing bronchial muscles, easing spasms that cause coughing.
Inhibiting prostaglandin effects, reducing bronchoconstriction associated with PGF2α.
Opening airways, preventing severe respiratory restrictions in susceptible individuals.

Application Methods

Inhaler (Optimal)

Take 1–2 puffs of salbutamol (100–200 mcg) 5–10 minutes before a Trenbolone injection. If coughing occurs afterward, additional puffs can swiftly resolve the issue.

Oral Tablets (Moderate)

Consuming 2–4 mg tablets 30–60 minutes before injection offers slower, longer-lasting relief but may be less effective than inhalation methods.

Nebulizer (Severe Cases)

For individuals with frequent episodes, nebulized doses of 2.5 mg salbutamol can provide substantial relief.

Preventive Measures to Reduce Tren Cough Risk

Inject slowly to minimize systemic absorption and irritant effects.
Split doses to lower reaction severity with smaller quantities.
Opt for ventrogluteal injection sites, which have fewer blood vessels, reducing oil embolism risk.
Choose lower-concentration solutions to lessen irritation, as higher concentrations (e.g., Tren Ace 200 mg/ml) are more likely to provoke reactions.

What Other Steroids Can Induce Coughing?

Here's a curated list of peptides, SARMs, and PEDs that may potentially cause coughing or respiratory irritation in bodybuilders and fitness enthusiasts:

Peptides

IGF-1 LR3 (Insulin-like Growth Factor): Known for its anabolic effects, IGF-1 LR3 can occasionally cause mild respiratory irritation due to systemic absorption.

TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4): While rare, improper injection techniques or high doses may lead to transient coughing episodes.

GHRP-6 (Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptide): This peptide can stimulate histamine release, potentially leading to bronchospasms and coughing.

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SARMs (Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators)

RAD-140: (Testolone) Some users report throat irritation or coughing, often attributed to solvents used in liquid formulations.

YK-11: Known for its myostatin-inhibiting properties, YK-11 may cause mild respiratory discomfort in sensitive individuals.

LGD-4033 (Ligandrol): Though uncommon, some users experience coughing due to carrier solvents or allergic-like reactions.

PEDs (Performance-Enhancing Drugs)

Boldenone Undecylenate (Equipoise): This injectable steroid can cause “Equipoise cough,” similar to tren cough, due to oil embolism or irritant solvents.

Testosterone Suspension: The water-based formulation may lead to coughing episodes if injected improperly or absorbed rapidly.

Nandrolone Decanoate (Deca-Durabolin): While less common, coughing can occur due to histamine release or systemic irritation.

More Tips to Minimize Coughing Risks

Use proper injection techniques to avoid embolic reactions.
Opt for lower-concentration solutions to reduce irritant effects.
Consider antihistamines or bronchodilators for individuals prone to respiratory sensitivity.

Are There Alternatives to Cough-inducing Steroids?

Here are some alternatives to cough-inducing steroids that can provide similar anabolic effects while minimizing respiratory irritation:

Peptides

IGF-1 LR3 (Insulin-like Growth Factor)

Promotes muscle growth and recovery without the irritant properties of certain steroids.

TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4)

Enhances tissue repair and reduces inflammation, making it a safer option for recovery.

BPC-157 (Body Protection Compound)

Known for its healing properties, it supports muscle repair and joint health.

SARMs (Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators)

RAD-140 (Testolone)

Provides significant muscle-building effects with fewer systemic side effects compared to traditional steroids.

LGD-4033 (Ligandrol)

Boosts lean muscle mass and strength without the risk of respiratory irritation.

MK-677 (Ibutamoren)

Stimulates growth hormone release, aiding in muscle growth and recovery.

Natural Alternatives

Turkesterone

A plant-based ecdysteroid that supports muscle protein synthesis and recovery.

Ecdysterone

Another natural compound that mimics anabolic effects without the harsh side effects.

Creatine Monohydrate

Enhances strength and muscle mass through improved energy production during workouts.

Other Options

Human Growth Hormone (HGH)

Promotes muscle growth and fat loss, though it requires careful monitoring due to potential side effects.

Testosterone Boosters

Natural supplements like D-Aspartic Acid or Tribulus Terrestris can help optimize testosterone levels for muscle growth.

SARMs Alternatives

Legal and safer versions of SARMs are available, offering similar benefits without the risks associated with traditional SARMs.

Overall

We have explored the phenomenon of "tren cough," a sudden, intense coughing episode often caused by Trenbolone injections due to factors like solvent irritation, prostaglandin release, micro-oil embolism, or histamine activation. Preventive measures such as using salbutamol (via inhaler, oral tablets, or nebulizer), injecting slowly, splitting doses, and opting for lower-concentration solutions were highlighted.

Additionally, alternative compounds to tren cough-inducing steroids were discussed, including peptides like IGF-1 LR3 and TB-500, SARMs such as RAD-140 and LGD-4033, and natural options like Turkesterone, ecdysterone, and creatine. These alternatives provide anabolic effects while minimizing respiratory side effects. The conversation also underscored the importance of proper injection techniques and thoughtful compound selection to reduce risks.

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