The Role of PGF2a in Muscle Growth

    Prostaglandins are an essential part of the substances known as eicosanoids. Nevertheless, eicosanoids are a particular group of substances that sourced out from fatty acids. Also, known to include leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and prostaglandins. These formed from the precursor fatty acids with oxygen atoms incorporated into the fatty acid chains.

          This also specifically carried out by the cyclooxygenase enzymes. The metabolites of prostaglandins found in the tissues of the body.

Prostaglandins Discovered In The Year of 1930:

     Prostaglandins discovered including their structure in the year of 1930. New York gynecologists have observed that the seminal fluid of humans stimulates the contraction of the isolated uterine muscle.

       Then confirmed in a report that the seminal fluid produces contraction in the intestinal smooth muscle. This is also mainly responsible for lowering the blood pressure after being injected into the bloodstream.

Prostaglandins Role in The Body:

        Prostaglandins have their essential role to play in the body. They are basically classified as the autocrine and paracrine regulators.

          Actually, they do not fit into the classification of hormones. One thing you will need to understand is that they are a corollary of the so-called endocrine system.

PGF_2a Increases The Signaling Pathways of Calcium and Intracellular Calcium:

       PGF_2a also, known to increase the signaling pathways of calcium and intracellular calcium. These are somehow essential as part of the many different stages of myogenesis that help in the success of muscle growth. Further hypothesized that the PGF_2acould regulate the growth of the skeletal muscles.

        However, the growth brought by PGF_2acomes out via an NFAT-dependent pathway. Prior to these data, these only implicate a novel function for the PGF_2ain the growth of the skeletal muscles. However, there is also a novel intersection between NFAT signaling pathways and prostaglandin.

PGF_2a Increases The Nuclear Number and Muscle Cell Size:

       The hypothesis suggesting that PGF_2ahaving an essential role to play in the growth of muscle cells involved the differentiation of the main muscle cultures. They were treated with PGF_2adoses or a synthetic analog of the PGF_2a.

    After twenty-four hours, most of the cells have been differentiated. They have also been known to form several multinucleated cells.

     Even if there is no such thing as a difference seen between the drug-treated and vehicle-groups at twenty-four hours, after forty-eight hours, the myotubes that were treated with a drug are bigger in size than the vehicle. This only suggested the fact that PGF_2acould regulate muscle growth.

PGF_2aIncreases The Size of Myotube:

       PGF_2aincreases the size of myotube as it facilitates the fusion of muscle cells. In the fusion of the myoblasts, it creates a multinucleated cell. The growth of cell occurs by way of the fusion of various muscle cells with a nascent myotube.

         This increases the cell size and the myonuclear number. In the treatment of 10^-6  M PGF_2a, an increase occurred in the myotubes percentage with 5 or even more nuclei. There was also a parallel decrease in the so-called percentage of myotubes with 2 to 4 nuclei.

          Prior to this dose, shown to bring out maximal effects using smooth muscle and cardiac cells. The data suggested that it could increase cell fusion with the myotubes that help facilitate an increase in the size of the muscle cell.

The Mediated Muscle Growth of PGF_2aOccurs Via FP Receptor:

        In determining the role of endogenous PGF_2a in regulating the myonuclear accretion, cells were applied with a competitive and selective FP antagonist.

         In that data released, it suggested that PGF_2a muscle growth induced is mediated by way of an FP receptor. And, the endogenous PGF_2a needs for the growth of muscles.

PGF_2a Increases the Myotube Size by Way of a Dependent Pathway of NFAT:

         The main myoblasts actually infected by way of a control retrovirus or a retrovirus that expresses VIVIT. The NFAT transcriptional activity further analyzed in the cells that contain an NFAT responsive luciferase reporter construct.

         The activity of a luciferase further increased in the cells that treated with the 10^-6 M PGF by ninefold. The combination of these data highlights that PGF_2aactivates the NFAT signaling in the skeletal muscle.

PGF_2a Induces the Growth of Muscles:

       PGF_2ainduces the growth of muscles. And, the specific agonist of FP receptor can activate an increase in the nuclear number and myotube size that is the same with PGF_2a.  The growth of muscles inhibited by the AL-8810 which is a particular FP receptor antagonist.

Other Studies Demonstrate PGF_2a:

        There are also other studies that demonstrated PGF_2aand its role in increasing protein synthesis in the skeletal muscle cells. It also further activates both protein synthesis and cell fusion. This could also regulate hypertrophy of the skeletal muscles.

         Now, you have learned the role of PGF_2a in muscle growth!

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